In the novel, Gilead also discriminates against African-Americans, whom they refer to in their religious rhetoric as the "Children of Ham". Women are regarded as second-class citizens as they must submit to the authority of men. In particular, Gilead is a patriarchal society, where only men have access to higher education or the right to keep and bear arms, and only they can hold property, a job, or political positions. The name Gilead itself is taken from the Bible, referring to several different locations and individuals and generally translated as "hill of testimony." Much of this legislation is influenced and justified by a rigid interpretation of scripture. constitution have been replaced by a system of duties and privileges implemented in a hierarchy of social classes, with everyone being assigned to a particular class and expected to fulfill certain roles. Individual civil liberties as formerly granted by the suspended U.S. The novel doesn't detail how Gilead's government functions Gilead's official name containing the term "Republic" (latin for 'public affair') suggests the country has a Senate or similar governing body with members being appointed by some - presumably pseudo-democratic - electoral process.
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